INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOPHARMACY

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Learning Outcomes

Will be able to evaluate the definition and history of pharmacognosy will be discussed, and its relevance to other branches of science.
Explains the Pharmacognosy.
Defines drugs.
Classifies drugs according to their sources.
Conveys the history of pharmacognosy.
Explains the relevance of pharmacognosy to other branches of science.
Will be able to evaluate the place of pharmacognosy in pharmacy and its current importance.
Explain the place and importance of pharmacognosy in pharmacy.
will be able to evaluate the supply and collection of herbal drugs from the natural environment.
Explains the supply of herbal drugs from natural environments.
Plans the collection of herbal drugs from natural environments.
Will be able to evaluate the culture of medicinal plants.
Explains the culture and importance of medicinal plants.
Explains the culture conditions of medicinal plants.
Lists the cultivated medicinal plants.
Will be able to evaluate the post-harvest processes applied to herbal drugs.
Explains post-harvest processes.
Explains drying processes.
Explains points to be considered in drying processes.
Will be able to evaluate packaging and storage of herbal drugs.
Defines the packaging and storage processes in herbal drugs.
Explains the packaging types in herbal drugs.
Explains the storage conditions in herbal drugs.
Explains the factors that cause spoilage in herbal drugs.
will be able to evaluate the market and trade of herbal drugs.
Interprets and evaluates the market and trade of herbal drugs.
Compares the market and trade of herbal drugs on a country basis.
Will be able to evaluate the importance of biosynthesis in pharmacognosy.
Explain the importance of biosynthesis in pharmacognosy.
Evaluate biosynthetic pathways in pharmacognosy.
Will be able to evaluate primary metabolites.
Define primary metabolites.
Classify primary metabolites.
Will be able to evaluate secondary metabolites.
Defines secondary metabolites.
Classifies secondary metabolites.
Will be able to evaluated the biotransformation methods used in pharmacognosy.
Identify and explain the biotransformation methods used in the production of secondary metabolites.
Compare the biotransformation methods used in the production of secondary metabolites.
Explain the industrial production of secondary metabolites.
Will be able to evaluate cell and tissue culture in secondary metabolite production.
Defines production with cell cultures in secondary metabolite production.
Defines production with tissue cultures in secondary metabolite production.
Will be able to evaluate the concept of pharmacopoeia.
Lists the pharmacopoeias.
Evaluates the pharmacopoeias.
Explains the pharmacognosy methods in the pharmacopoeia.
Will be able to evaluate the macroscopic and organoleptic methods applied to herbal drugs.
List and explain the macroscopic control methods of herbal drugs.
List and explain the organoleptic control methods of herbal drugs.
Will be able to evaluate the microscopic methods applied to herbal drugs.
Explains microscopic control methods applied to herbal drugs.
Classifies microscopic methods applied to herbal drugs.
Interprets the key used for qualitative methods applied to herbal drugs.
Lists quantitative microscopic methods applied to herbal drugs.
Defines quantitative microscopic methods applied to herbal drugs.
Will be able to evaluate the determination of foreign matter amount in herbal drugs.
Defines foreign matter for herbal drugs.
Explains the importance of determining the amount of foreign matter in herbal drugs.
Explains the method of determining the amount of foreign matter in herbal drugs.
Will be able to evaluate the controls applied to essential oils.
Lists the controls applied to essential oils.
Describes the methods for controls applied to essential oils.
Will be able to evaluate pesticide and exotoxin controls in herbal drugs.
Explains pesticide contamination in herbal drugs.
Lists the types of pesticides that can be found in herbal drugs.
Lists the methods of pesticide analysis in herbal drugs.
Explains exotoxin contamination in herbal drugs.
Lists the types of exotoxins that can be found in herbal drugs.
Lists the methods of exotoxin analysis in herbal drugs.
Explains the importance of exotoxin contamination in herbal drugs.
Will be able to evaluate adulteration in herbal drugs.
Explains the definition of adulteration in herbal drugs.
Lists and defines the types of adulteration in herbal drugs.
Lists the gravimetric, volumetric, physicochemical analysis methods applied to herbal drugs.
Explains the gravimetric, volumetric, physicochemical analysis methods applied to herbal drugs.
Explains the microchemical methods applied to herbal drugs.
Evaluates the microchemical methods applied to herbal drugs.
Will be able to evaluate biological methods applied to herbal drugs.
Defines and explains biological methods applied to herbal drugs.
Will be able to evaluate the extract and extraction.
Defines extract and extraction.
Lists types of extracts and gives examples.
Lists extracts in the pharmacopoeia.
Will be able to evaluate the extraction methods.
List the extraction methods.
Compare the extraction methods.
List the extraction parameters.
Explain the extraction parameters.
Will be able to evaluate distillation definitions and methods.
Explains the definition of distillation.
Lists the distillation methods.
Compares the distillation methods.
Explains the distillation parameters.
Will be able to evaluate separation and purification methods in natural products
Lists separation methods in natural products.
Lists purification methods in natural products.
Explains the use of separation methods in natural products
Explains the use of purification methods in natural products.
Distinguishes chromatographic methods used in natural products.
Evaluates chromatographic methods applied to drugs registered in the Pharmacopoeia.
Will be able to evaluate spectroscopic methods in the determination of the structure of natural drug raw materials.
Distinguish spectroscopic methods in the structure determination of natural drug raw materials.
List the use of spectroscopic methods in the structure determination of natural drug raw materials.
Will be able to evaluate carbohydrates and their derivatives.
Define and classify carbohydrates.
Explain general properties and chemical structures of carbohydrates.
Define mucilage and explain its general properties.
Define gum and explain its general properties.
Will be able to evaluate Enzymes and other proteins
Define enzymes and other proteins.
Explain the properties of enzymes and other proteins.
Classify enzymes.
Explain the chemical structures of enzymes and other proteins.
Will be able to evaluate glycosides
Defines glycosides.
Explains the general properties of glycosides.
Classifies glycosides.
Explains the chemical structures of glycosides.
Will be able to evaluate macroscopic and organoleptic methods.
Lists the macroscopic and organoleptic properties of drugs.
Applies macroscopic methods to herbal drugs.
Applies organoleptic methods to herbal drugs.
Interprets and evaluates the results of macroscopic and organoleptic analysis.
Will be able to evaluate microscopic methods.
Lists the reagents to be used in microscopic examination.
Explains the purpose of use of reagents to be used in microscopic examination.
Determines the reagents to be used in microscopic examination for the selected drug.
Lists the pre-processing steps for microscopic examination.
Determines the microscopic properties.
Uses the microscopic determination key.
Interprets and evaluates the results of microscopic examination.
Will be able to evaluate extraction methods.
Lists the appropriate extraction method for a selected drug mixture.
Explains the appropriate parameters for extraction.
Determines the appropriate extraction solvents for the targeted active substance.
Lists the appropriate reagents for the targeted active substance groups.
Interprets and evaluates the extraction results.
Will be able to evaluate Carbohydrates and Derivatives, Enzymes and Other Proteins
Lists the diagnostic reactions of carbohydrates, mucilages and gums.
Determines the appropriate reagents for the diagnostic reactions of carbohydrates, mucilages and gums.
Prepares the necessary extracts for the diagnostic reactions of carbohydrates, mucilages and gums.
Applies the diagnostic reactions of carbohydrates, mucilages and gums.
Interprets and evaluates the results of the diagnostic reactions of carbohydrates, mucilages and gums.
Will be able to evaluate glycosides.
List glycoside diagnostic reactions.
Determine appropriate reagents for glycoside diagnostic reactions.
Prepare necessary extracts for glycoside diagnostic reactions.
Perform glycoside diagnostic reactions.
Interpret and evaluate the results of glycoside diagnostic reactions.