17TH AND 18TH CENTURY PHILOSOPHY

Content

Weeks	Topics
1. Weeks	A summary of the achievements in natural science; Francis Bacon-Novum Organum- İdols; method in science.
2. Weeks	Descartes- Meditationes De Prima Philosophia; Discours de la Méthode: Knowledge; types of knowing
3. Weeks	Descartes- Meditationes De Prima Philosophia; Discours de la Méthode: Problem of Being, Substance and its types
4. Weeks	Spinoza-Ethica: What is Substance, what is attribute, and what is mode? (definitions)
5. Weeks	Spinoza-Ethica: types of knowing; affections; freedom-determinism
6. Weeks	Leibniz-Monadology: Monad; Preestablished harmony; The Principle of Sufficient Cause; indiscernibility of identicals, identity of indiscernibles; apperception; the best of the possible worlds
7. Weeks	Hobbes- Leviathan: Why and how is State both natural and artificial?, What is human nature and what is State of Nature?/ Locke- An Essay Concerning Human Understanding : the problem of the existence of innate ideas and tabula rasa; problem of knowledge
8. Weeks	Locke-Second Treatise On Government: civil disobedience, social contract, the problem of the legitimacy of state, the liberties and rights to life, liberty and property./ Berkeley-Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, The Principles of Human Knowledge: Do empiricism and Subjective Idealism contradict? Why/why not?
9. Weeks	Hume-A Treatise of Human Nature: Impressions and ideas as the foundation of human knowledge; philosophical relations; causality; problem of induction; affections and habits.
10. Weeks	Rousseau-The Social Contract: State of Nature, society after the contract ; Republic, Generall Will; obeying the laws; freedom, basic human rights. The social contract theories and their impacts through Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau .
11. Weeks	Kant-Prolegomena: Noumenon-phenomenon distinciton, categories of the understanding, pure forms of intuition, the possibility of synthetic a priori knowledge, the antinomies of reason, the values of metaphysical knowledge (can we learn from metaphysics like we do from natural science or mathematics?)
12. Weeks	Kant- Grounding the Metaphysics of Morals: What is metaphysics of morals?; Can reason make laws?, What are the conditions for law making?; How and why is human being (able to be) free?
13. Weeks	Kant- What is Enlightenment? and Perpetual Peace : Kant’s attitude towards world politics and international relations and institutions. The influences of Kantian thought on political philosophy.
14. Weeks	Evaluation: Why is 17th century considered as a starting point for ‘Modern’ philosophy?